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ARTICLES
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the most frequently lethal cancer in the United
States. Among all causes of death, lung cancer ranks second after
heart disease for males, and third after heart and cerebrovascular
disease for females. In 2002 alone, over 150,000 people in the
United States died of lung cancer.
Cancers form when certain cells in the body grow and multiply
in an uncontrolled fashion. When such uncontrolled growth affects
lung tissues, a lung cancer forms. Lung cancer is classified into
two main types- small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung
cancer. An estimated 80 percent of lung cancer patients have non-small
cell lung cancer.
Smoking or inhaling second hand smoke, environmental exposures
such as asbestos and radon gas, and a family history of lung cancer
increase the risk of an individual getting lung cancer. However,
some lung cancers arise in the absence of these risk factors. Factors
that may protect people from lung cancer are not smoking, avoiding
second hand smoke, a diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruit, and
limiting exposure to potential carcinogens in the environment such
as radon.
About 25 percent of people with lung cancer report no symptoms
at the time of diagnosis. In the remainder, symptoms and signs
vary, and may include breathlessness, a long lasting cough, coughing
up blood, chest pain, wheezing, repeated chest infections, fever,
and weight loss. A diagnosis of lung cancer is made on the basis
of cell type, x-ray findings and symptoms. The cancer is then staged
depending on the extent of its spread within the chest cavity and
to other parts of the body. Treatment of lung cancer depends on
the cell type and on the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis.
Treatment typically includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
Survival rates depend on the type and stage of lung cancer at the
time of diagnosis.
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